It has been suggested that the effectiveness of conservation management (habitat restoration and/or creation) depends on the structural complexity of the landscapes where they are implemented. However, there is still considerable debate about whether the creation of new habitat would be better directed to relatively heterogeneous areas (e.g. with a high proportion of non-crop habitats) that still support relatively high levels of biodiversity or in simpler landscapes. This PhD project, supported by Forest Research and the Bat Conservation Trust aims to identify landscapes where woodland creation and restoration activities are likely to provide the greatest benefits for bats.